Heat the oil over high heat until shimmering in a large nonstick pot. Add the beef, salt, and beef bouillon and saute, string occasionally until well browned, about 15 minutes. Add the garlic and cook for 2 more minutes. Lower the heat to medium-low, add the onion, poblano, bell pepper, carrot, and tomatoes, and occasionally cook, stirring, until the vegetables begin to soften (reducing heat, if necessary), about 10 to 15 minutes. Add the sugar and the tomato paste and cook, occasionally stirring, for 2 more minutes. Add the bay leaves and cumin if used.